WATCHTOWER 2.0 — BASELINE LEARNING
Findings Archive

Math chose these. Not us.

Each entry was flagged by the statistical model after the baseline period. Each row is cryptographically hashed, timestamped, and chained. We didn't pick them. The deviation from normal did.

Dead Man's Curve · public-safety exposure

Detections inside the height-velocity hazard envelope

Every row below is a flight detected at or under 500 ft while airborne — the altitude band where a helicopter has no time to autorotate to a survivable landing if the engine fails. Reference: FAA AC 90-87C (Helicopter Height-Velocity Diagram). Altitude here is reported barometric; negative and zero-altitude transponder anomalies are excluded.

Detections ≤ 500 ft
68,661
Unique aircraft
6,109
≤ 500 ft AND < 60 kts
33,658
Window
2026-05-21 → 2026-07-10
Top aircraft inside the envelope
  1. 01. N408MR · min 0 ft1,610
  2. 02. N4053T · min 0 ft1,569
  3. 03. N974TA · min 0 ft1,346
  4. 04. N123GJ · min 175 ft1,204
  5. 05. N5743H · min 0 ft1,190

Click a tail number to pull every detection and export CSV.

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · N5220L

SCORE 85.005500 ftMERCED

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant 'a692bf' (normalized to uppercase 'A692BF')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · N5036M

SCORE 85.00SANTA BARBARA

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant 'a6484b' (normalized to uppercase 'A6484B')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · N8075R

SCORE 85.0013675 ftMARIPOSA

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant 'aafef5' (normalized to uppercase 'AAFEF5')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · ~29852F

SCORE 85.001100 ftLOS ANGELES

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant '~29852f' (normalized to uppercase '~29852F')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · ~2983A3

SCORE 85.0011500 ftKERN

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant '~2983a3' (normalized to uppercase '~2983A3')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · N863DN

SCORE 85.0033000 ftOTHER

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant 'abda54' (normalized to uppercase 'ABDA54')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · N14214

SCORE 85.0022150 ftSAN BERNARDINO

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant 'a0acb6' (normalized to uppercase 'A0ACB6')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · F-GZNQ

SCORE 85.0025000 ftSAN BERNARDINO

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant '3965b0' (normalized to uppercase '3965B0')

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

LOW_ALTITUDE · N284D

SCORE 93.00

[PRIMARY] FAR 91.119 Violation (CONGESTED). Alt: 700ft. Required Floor: 1000ft MSL.

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

HOVER_PATTERN · N447GH

SCORE 30.62

[EXTENDED] Hover Pattern: 37kts at 1800ft

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SLOW_ORBIT · ~298513

SCORE 34.18

[EXTENDED] Slow Orbit: 19kts at 1900ft

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · PH-BKD

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · JA04WJ

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · N348AT

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · N3892D

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · N700YY

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~2983A3

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~298406

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~298513

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:28:26 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~29852F

SCORE 36.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast, Low NIC (0)

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

SUB_STALL · BOE735

SCORE 0.952825 ftSAN BERNARDINO

Fixed-wing at 6.2kts. Stall 33kts, Vref min 55kts. Sustained below 1.2x stall is not an IFR approach. It is a stakeout with wings.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

HOVER_PATTERN · N357JP

SCORE 1.001900 ftVENTURA

Fixed-wing (R44 II) at 5.0kts / 1900ft. Stall 33kts. This is parking, not flight.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

LOITER_PATTERN · N161UW

SCORE 0.75850 ftSAN BERNARDINO

44.5kts at 850ft. Below Vref 55kts. Sustained low-altitude loiter.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

LOITER_PATTERN · N24553

SCORE 0.85400 ftLOS ANGELES

51.4kts at 400ft. Below Vref 55kts. Sustained low-altitude loiter.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

HOVER_PATTERN · N6704D

SCORE 1.002800 ftKERN

Fixed-wing (76) at 4.1kts / 2800ft. Stall 33kts. This is parking, not flight.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

SUB_STALL · N357JP

SCORE 0.952000 ftVENTURA

Fixed-wing at 17.0kts. Stall 33kts, Vref min 55kts. Sustained below 1.2x stall is not an IFR approach. It is a stakeout with wings.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

HOVER_PATTERN · N7178L

SCORE 1.00125 ftVENTURA

Fixed-wing (AA-5) at 4.8kts / 125ft. Stall 33kts. This is parking, not flight.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

SUB_STALL · N70VC

SCORE 1.00200 ftVENTURA

Fixed-wing at 6.0kts. Stall 33kts, Vref min 55kts. Sustained below 1.2x stall is not an IFR approach. It is a stakeout with wings.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

SUB_STALL · N256SM

SCORE 1.00-50 ftVENTURA

Fixed-wing at 10.0kts. Stall 33kts, Vref min 55kts. Sustained below 1.2x stall is not an IFR approach. It is a stakeout with wings.

7/10/2026, 6:28:01 PM

SUB_STALL · N223HT

SCORE 0.951975 ftFRESNO

Fixed-wing at 39.4kts. Stall 33kts, Vref min 55kts. Sustained below 1.2x stall is not an IFR approach. It is a stakeout with wings.

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · 4BB082

SCORE 100.003225 ftSAN BERNARDINO

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N357JP

SCORE 49.561900 ftVENTURA

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N525CB

SCORE 100.0023650 ftKERN

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N575DZ

SCORE 52.1131600 ftFRESNO

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N621UX

SCORE 38.598300 ftLOS ANGELES

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N730US

SCORE 100.003675 ftSAN LUIS OBISPO

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N780SP

SCORE 100.003000 ftOTHER

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N855SH

SCORE 100.007500 ftVENTURA

WaveNet kinematic anomaly: KINEMATIC_ANOMALY (alt_dev=-46ft, spd_dev=7kts, hdg_dev=43deg, climb_dev=314fpm)

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

KINEMATIC_ANOMALY · N959KF

SCORE 100.006575 ftVENTURA

Kinematic anomaly detected

7/10/2026, 6:27:01 PM

GRAPH_HANDOFF · N123GJ

SCORE 45.00LOS ANGELES

Graph handoff: A05F76->AC952E repeated 3x (avg gap: 133s, county: LOS ANGELES). Coordinated behavior inconsistent with independent flight assumption.

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · ~2984EF

SCORE 85.00900 ftLOS ANGELES

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant '~2984ef' (normalized to uppercase '~2984EF')

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · ~29824B

SCORE 85.002600 ftLOS ANGELES

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant '~29824b' (normalized to uppercase '~29824B')

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

LOW_ALTITUDE · N2485K

SCORE 38.00

[EXTENDED] FAR 91.119 Violation (CONGESTED). Alt: 500ft. Required Floor: 1000ft MSL.

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

SLOW_ORBIT · N357JP

SCORE 37.00

[EXTENDED] Slow Orbit: 5kts at 1900ft

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · N113AN

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~29824B

SCORE 36.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast, Low NIC (0)

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~2984EF

SCORE 36.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast, Low NIC (0)

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

SPOOFING_SIGNAL · ~2B386E

SCORE 28.00

[EXTENDED] Spoofing: TIS-B rebroadcast

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · N405KL

SCORE 85.0029975 ftMADERA

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant 'a4c020' (normalized to uppercase 'A4C020')

7/10/2026, 6:26:15 PM

HEX_CASE_SPOOF · ~2B386E

SCORE 85.009400 ftTULARE

Aircraft transponder broadcasting non-standard lowercase hex variant '~2b386e' (normalized to uppercase '~2B386E')